Electron effective masses of Scx Al1- x N and Alx Ga1- x N from first-principles calculations of unfolded band structure

The electron effective masses of Sc x Al 1 - xN and Al x Ga 1 - xN, two of the most promising wide bandgap materials for power and RF electronic applications, have been calculated using the predictions of the density functional theory (DFT). More specifically, the unfolding technique has been adopted to extract the effective band structure of the two alloys under investigation. It has been found that the AlGaN effective masses m - approximately follow the Vegard law. On the contrary, due to the larger amount of disorder inside the crystal, the ScAlN shows a non-monotonic change of m - as a function of the Sc concentration, which requires the DFT calculations to be consistently performed for an accurate prediction. The ScAlN effective masses as a function of Sc content have been reported in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25 for the first time

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY ON APPLICATION OF YASHADA BHASMA LEPA AND JATYADI GHRITA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF DUSHTA VRANA W.S.R. DIABETIC ULCER

Introduction: Wounds and their management are fundamental to the practice of surgery. In surgery of trauma, wound is frequently a primary pathology. In elective surgery, it is through the wound that access is obtained to deal with the underlying pathology. In both situations surgeon’s task is to minimize the adverse effects of wound, remove or repair damaged structures and harness the process of wound healing to restore function.Objectives: The study is aimed to know the comparative efficacy of Yashada Bhasma Lepa and Jatyadi Ghrita in the management of Dushta Vrana.Method: Clinically diagnosed 30 patients of Dushta Vrana were randomly divided into two groups, each group consisting of 15 Patients. First (A group) is treated by Yashada Bhasma Lepa and second (B group) is treated by Jatyadi Ghrita for 21 days.Result: On the basis of assessment criteria and on the overall result of treatment the patients of Yashada Bhasma Lepa group showed better relief when compared to Jatyadi Ghrita.Interpretation: Yashada Bhasma Lepa having the properties of Tikta, Kashaya, Katu, Rasa predominance thus had action of Kapha Pitta Shamana, Netra Roga, Pandu, Bahumootra Roga, Kasa, Swasa, Rajayakshma, Ratrisweda, Vranasrava Avarodaka,Prameha, Sankochakara.etc. Thus this help for Shodhanaand Ropana.Conclusion: Yashada Bhasma Lepa has provided better relief in maximum signs and symptoms of the patients of Dushta Vrana, in comparison to Jatyadi Ghrita. Its overall effects were also better in comparison to Yashada Bhasma Lepawith Jatyadi Ghrita and dressing reduces the infection

TCAD Modeling of High-Field Electron Transport in Bulk Wurtzite GaN: The Full-Band SHE-BTE

Gallium Nitride (GaN) High-Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) actually represent one of the best candidates for medium-high power and radio frequency applications. As they operate at large bias and electric fields, a comprehensive analysis of the high-field transport properties is fundamentals, as hot electrons are expected to play a relevant role for the device reliability. In this perspective, Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations can be a very useful tool for the understanding of the phenomena dominating hot-electron degradation mechanisms. The most-accurate modeling approaches are based on the direct solution of the Boltzmann equation, which is not actually available for the GaN material. In this work, the deterministic solution of the Boltzmann transport equation via the spherical-harmonics expansion (SHE-BTE), as incorporated in a commercial TCAD tool, has been extended to the analysis of GaN electrons. To this purpose, the details of the full-band structure has been derived from DFT calculations as in state-of-art literature works, and the electron density of states, g(E), and group velocity g(E), have been calculated for the SHE-BTE for the first time. In addition to this, an accurate calibration of the total scattering rate accounting for nonpolar acoustic and optical carrier-phonon interaction, Coulomb scattering and impact ionization has been carried out against available Monte Carlo data and experiments. The proposed model is also shown to correctly predict the temperature dependence of the electron impact-ionization coefficient and current density up to breakdown

An investigation of performance limits of conventional and tunneling graphene-based transistors

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Healthcare use among preschool children attending GP-led urgent care centres: a descriptive, observational study

© 2015 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited.Objective Urgent care centres (UCCs) hours were developed with the aim of reducing inappropriate emergency department (ED) attendances in England. We aimed to examine the presenting complaint and outcomes of care in 2 general practitioner (GP)-led UCCs with extended opening times. Design Retrospective observational epidemiological study using routinely collected data. Setting 2 GP-led UCCs in London, colocated with a hospital ED. Participants All children aged under 5 years, attending 2 GP-led UCCs over a 3-year period. Outcomes Outcomes of care for the children including: primary diagnosis; registration status with a GP; destination following review within the UCC; and any medication prescribed. Comparison between GP-led UCC visit rates and routine general practices was also made. Results 3% (n=7747/282 947) of all attenders at the GP-led UCCs were children aged under 5 years. The most common reason for attendance was a respiratory illness (27%), followed by infectious illness (17%). 18% (n=1428) were either upper respiratory tract infections or viral infections. The majority (91%) of children attending were registered with a GP, and over two-thirds of attendances were out of hours. Overall 79% were seen and discharged home. Preschool children were more likely to attend their GP (47.0 per 100) than a GP-led UCC (9.4 per 100; 95% CI 8.9 to 10.0). Conclusions Two-thirds of preschool children attending GP-led UCCs do so out of hours, despite the majority being registered with a GP. The case mix is comparable with those presenting to an ED setting, with the majority managed exclusively by the GPs in the UCC before discharge home. Further work is required to understand the benefits of a GP-led urgent system in influencing future use of services especially emergency care

Leveraging community assets to tackle social isolation and loneliness: a needs assessment of the London Borough of Hammersmith & Fulham

This study is an investigation of factors that influence the routine adoption and diffusion of evidence-based asset-based community development (ABCD) initiatives to combat social isolation and loneliness in the contemporary setting (using LBH&F as a case study

Temporal patterns in the recorded annual incidence of common mental disorders over two decades in the United Kingdom: a primary care cohort study

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression, anxiety, and stress are very common, but it is unclear whether the last decades of social, economic, and political change have impacted incidence of CMD. This study explored temporal trends in the recorded incidence of CMD in the United Kingdom. METHODS: We used data from general practices in the United Kingdom (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) to estimate the annual recorded incidence of CMD for 2000-2020, including symptoms, diagnosis, or pharmaceutical treatment. Trends were explored by sex, age, ethnicity, region, deprivation, and comorbidity. RESULTS: We included 29 480 164 individuals who were followed up for 12.5 years on average (s.d. = 6.4 years). The recorded incidence of CMD episodes was 55.9 per 1000 person-years in 2000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 55.8-56.1], increasing to 79.6 per 1000 person-years in 2019 (95% CI 79.5-79.8). Females had higher recorded incidence rates, as did those living in more deprived areas. We observed striking patterns by age over time, with rates in ages 16-24 increasing from 40.2 per 1000 in 2000 (95% CI 39.8-40.5), to 107.8 per 1000 in 2019 (95% CI 107.0-108.6). In contrast, the rates in those aged ≥55 years decreased since 2014. There were differing patterns of incidence by ethnic group, with a steeper increase in Asian, Black, and mixed groups in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the incidence of recorded CMD in the UK general practice increased between 2000 and 2019 with a small decrease in 2020. The overall trends obscured important differences across population subgroups, which may have implications for prevention

Temporal patterns in the recorded annual incidence of common mental disorders over two decades in the United Kingdom: a primary care cohort study

BACKGROUND: Common mental disorders (CMDs) including depression, anxiety, and stress are very common, but it is unclear whether the last decades of social, economic, and political change have impacted incidence of CMD. This study explored temporal trends in the recorded incidence of CMD in the United Kingdom. METHODS: We used data from general practices in the United Kingdom (Clinical Practice Research Datalink) to estimate the annual recorded incidence of CMD for 2000-2020, including symptoms, diagnosis, or pharmaceutical treatment. Trends were explored by sex, age, ethnicity, region, deprivation, and comorbidity. RESULTS: We included 29 480 164 individuals who were followed up for 12.5 years on average (s.d. = 6.4 years). The recorded incidence of CMD episodes was 55.9 per 1000 person-years in 2000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 55.8-56.1], increasing to 79.6 per 1000 person-years in 2019 (95% CI 79.5-79.8). Females had higher recorded incidence rates, as did those living in more deprived areas. We observed striking patterns by age over time, with rates in ages 16-24 increasing from 40.2 per 1000 in 2000 (95% CI 39.8-40.5), to 107.8 per 1000 in 2019 (95% CI 107.0-108.6). In contrast, the rates in those aged ≥55 years decreased since 2014. There were differing patterns of incidence by ethnic group, with a steeper increase in Asian, Black, and mixed groups in recent years. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the incidence of recorded CMD in the UK general practice increased between 2000 and 2019 with a small decrease in 2020. The overall trends obscured important differences across population subgroups, which may have implications for prevention

Novel TCAD Approach for the Investigation of Charge Transport in Thick Amorphous SiO2 Insulators

A TCAD approach for the investigation of charge transport in thick amorphous silicon dioxide is presented for the first time. Thick oxides are investigated representing the best candidates for integrated galvanic insulators in future power applications. The large electric fields, such devices experience and the preexisting defects in the amorphous material, give rise to a leakage current, which leads to degradation and failure. Hence, it is crucial to have a complete understanding of the main physical mechanisms responsible for the charge transport in amorphous silicon oxide. For this reason, metal-insulator-metal structures have been experimentally characterized at different high-field stress conditions and a TCAD approach has been implemented in order to gain insight into the microscopic physical mechanisms responsible for the leakage current. In particular, the role of charge injection at contacts and charge build-up due to trapping-detrapping mechanisms in the bulk of the oxide layer has been investigated and modeled to the purpose of understanding the oxide behavior under dc- and ac-stress conditions. Numerical simulations have been compared against experiments to quantitatively validate the proposed approach

How to monitor patient safety in primary care? Healthcare professionals’ views

Objective: To identify patient safety monitoring strategies in primary care. Design: Open-ended questionnaire survey. Participants/Setting: 113 healthcare professionals based in North-West London returned the survey from a group of 500 who were invited to participate achieving a response rate of 22.6 per cent. Method: A paper-based and equivalent online survey was developed and subjected to multiple stages of piloting. Respondents were asked to suggest strategies for monitoring patient safety in primary care. These monitoring suggestions were then subjected to a content frequency analysis which was conducted by two researchers. Outcome measures: Respondent-derived monitoring strategies. Results: In total, respondents offered 188 suggestions for monitoring patient safety in primary care. The content analysis revealed that these could be condensed into twenty-four different future monitoring strategies with varying levels of support. Most commonly, respondents supported the suggestion that patient safety can only be monitored effectively in primary care with greater levels of staffing or with additional resources. Discussion: This study identified twenty-four possible ways in which monitoring patient safety in North-West London primary care could be achieved. Future work should explore the feasibility of these monitoring strategies as well as the patients’ perspectives on how the safety of their care should be monitored